June 24, 2023

Optimizing Performance: Understanding LiFePO4 Battery Charging and Discharging Parameters for Global Buyers

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Seastar Battery, a lithium battery manufacturing company based in Shenzhen, China, aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of LiFePO4 batteries by combining the following key terms: LiFePO4 state of charge chart, LiFePO4 charge chart, LiFePO4 battery chart, LiFePO4 voltage chart, 12V LiFePO4 voltage chart, LiFePO4 discharge voltage, LiFePO4 voltage capacity chart, LiFePO4 float voltage, LiFePO4 battery charge voltage, and LiFePO4 charge voltage. The guide is tailored for international buyers and importers.

Table of Contents

LiFePO4 batteries are renowned for being one of the safest battery types globally, as they eliminate the safety risks associated with high-temperature runaway during abnormal battery conditions. This article serves as a concise guide on how to handle LiFePO4 batteries effectively.

One remarkable quality of LiFePO4 batteries is their energy density ratio. Compared to typical lead-acid batteries, which have an energy density ratio of approximately 40Wh/kg of lead, Seastar LiFePO4 cells provide over 150Wh/kg of lithium. As a result, higher-capacity LiFePO4 batteries are considerably lighter than their lead-acid counterparts. Leveraging the high energy density of lithium, manufacturers can further reduce cell sizes to cater to various lightweight applications.

Charging Information

Using the Seastar 12V 100Ah LiFePO4 battery as an example, it is generally recommended to use a battery charger specifically designed for lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries. To achieve a full charge, the DC charging voltage should be set between 14.2V and 14.6V, with a charging current below 100A.

 

Here is a list of voltage levels that a LiFePO4 battery will reach different charging stages (based on a 12V 100Ah LiFePO4 battery):

LiFePO4 Cell Voltages

 

Nominal cell voltage: 12.8V
Peak cell voltage: 14.6V
Over-charge voltage: 15V
Discharge voltage: 8.8V

Charging a LiFePO4 battery involves two steps to raise the state of charge (SOC) level to 100%. The first step is constant current charging, where a constant current is applied to the LiFePO4 battery. The voltage level gradually increases until it reaches 14.6V. Until this stage, the charger maintains a constant current during the charging process. However, once the voltage reaches 14.6V, the charger locks in on this voltage and maintains it steadily. At this stage, the SOC level of the battery is approximately 90%. Subsequently, the charger outputs a decreasing current into the battery while keeping the voltage constant at 14.6V. When the SOC level reaches 100%, the charger automatically disconnects and ceases to charge the battery.

Full Battery Protection

Occasional over-discharge can occur in lithium batteries. The minimum voltage at which a LiFePO4 battery can be discharged is 8.8V. Seastar Time LiFePO4 batteries are equipped with a built-in Battery Management System (BMS) that provides protection against overcharge, over-discharge, overcurrent, and short circuits, ensuring an excellent self-discharge rate. Without BMS protection, discharging the battery even slightly below this voltage renders the entire battery unusable, with no possibility of recovery. Discharging the battery below 8.8V would result in permanent damage.

Therefore, it is crucial to discontinue using the battery before it reaches this threshold. This necessitates connecting a BMS board in series with the battery’s internal circuitry to safeguard against over-discharge.

Effects of Temperature

The temperature has a significant impact on battery performance. Lower temperatures result in reduced available capacity, and LiFePO4 batteries cannot be charged below 0 degrees Celsius.

Long-term Storage

Temperature: LiFePO4 batteries can be operated within a temperature range of -20°C to 60°C, with an ideal storage temperature between 10°C to 35°C. It is advisable to store the batteries in fireproof containers and keep them out of reach of children.

Capacity: For extended battery life, it is recommended to store the battery at a 50% charge level and recharge it every three months if it will not be used for an extended period.

These key points provide essential information for international buyers and importers when using LiFePO4 batteries. As mentioned earlier, LiFePO4 batteries offer numerous advantages over lead-acid batteries. However, it is essential to provide a suitable operating environment for LiFePO4 batteries to fully benefit from their advantages.

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Difference Between F1 & F2 Terminal Types On Batteries

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Batteries come in various types, including Sealed Lead Acid (SLA) Batteries and Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries. These batteries are commonly used in applications such as medical mobility wheelchairs, uninterrupted power systems (UPS), ride-on toys for kids, and razor scooters. When it comes to battery terminals, the F1 (T1) and F2 (T2) terminals are frequently encountered in SLA batteries. However, for LiFePO4 batteries, the terminal types may differ.

In SLA batteries, the F1 and F2 terminals are flat blade-type terminals that protrude at an angle from the top or side of the battery. The F1 terminal is narrower, while the F2 terminal is wider. The F1, also known as No. 187, has a width of 0.187″ (equivalent to 3/16″ or 4.75 mm). On the other hand, the F2, also known as No. 250, has a width of 0.25″ (equivalent to 1/4″ or 6.35 mm). These terminals are commonly used in SLA batteries and require corresponding connectors.

However, when it comes to LiFePO4 batteries, the terminal types may vary. LiFePO4 batteries often use different types of terminals, such as threaded terminals or bolt terminals, rather than the F1 and F2 terminals commonly found in SLA batteries. It is important to carefully review the product specifications and consult with the manufacturer to ensure the compatibility of the battery terminals with your specific application.

 

Deep Cycle 12V 7AH LiFePO4 Battery Built-in BMS with F2 Terminal

1. Backup battery for home security systems
2. Power source for drones and RC models
3. Backup power for indoor and outdoor lighting systems
4.Power source for small electric vehicles and motorcycles
5.Backup power for mobile device chargers
6.Emergency lighting systems for power outages
7.Power source for portable medical devices
8.Backup power for wireless communication devices
9.Starting power for boats and yachts
10.Backup power for radar and navigation systems
11.Energy storage battery for solar systems

Seastar Battery recommends thoroughly reading the product pages and consulting with us to ensure that the battery terminals will fit your application properly. If you have any questions or require further assistance, please don’t hesitate to contact us.

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What is a Dual-Purpose Battery and Why is it Important?

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A dual-purpose battery is an essential component in various applications, serving as both a starting battery and a deep-cycle battery. Its significance cannot be overstated, particularly for boaters, off-roaders, car audio enthusiasts, and many others who rely on its functionality. Moreover, the importance of dual-purpose batteries extends to emergency services and first responders whose equipment’s reliability is crucial in potentially life-threatening situations. Additionally, even standard cars with multiple computers now require a more robust battery to meet the increased power demands.

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Origins and Evolution

To understand the significance of dual-purpose batteries, we must consider the history of automotive technology. In the early days of automobiles, they were more akin to horse-drawn carriages than modern vehicles. These early automobiles required manual cranking and often relied on kerosene lanterns for lighting. However, as technology progressed, starting motors and electric lights were introduced, necessitating the use of batteries. The primary purpose of these batteries was to start the car and power the lights for a short duration before recharging became possible. Thus, the concept of a starting battery was born, and it continues to be relied upon by countless vehicles worldwide, serving its primary function of engine starting.

As technology advanced, vehicles transformed into more than just engine-driven modes of transportation. Whether on land or water, for pleasure or commercial purposes, vehicles now incorporate additional features such as extra lighting, computers, comfort controls, visual displays, and accessory charging. Consequently, the power demands surpassed what a conventional starting battery could adequately handle. Although one might think that a deep-cycle battery, similar to those used in golf carts, would suffice for these high electrical loads, there are drawbacks to this approach.

The Dual-Purpose Advantage

Herein lies the distinctive appeal of the dual-purpose battery when compared to a true deep-cycle battery. Deep-cycle batteries excel at delivering power for extended periods, making them ideal for running electrical loads over time. However, they are less effective at starting an engine due to their thick plates, which lack the necessary surface area to provide the large amp draw required for cranking as efficiently as a dedicated starting battery. Furthermore, deep-cycle batteries take significantly longer to recharge due to these thick plates, impeding the uptake of energy once the engine is running and supplying current to the battery.

To address this challenge, Seastar Battery, a leading lithium battery manufacturer based in Shenzhen, China, offers an innovative solution. Seastar recognizes that a dual-purpose battery must strike a balance between starting power and cyclic capability. Unlike many other manufacturers who simply strip down deep-cycle batteries to create dual-purpose options, Seastar has developed a specialized battery known as the Seastar battery. This battery surpasses most standard starting batteries in terms of cranking power while offering resilient cyclic capability and excellent charge acceptance. Moreover, like all Seastar batteries, it is designed to withstand demanding outdoor environments.

Key Features of an Exceptional Dual-Purpose Lithium Battery

An exceptional dual-purpose lithium battery is meticulously engineered to meet the specific demands of its intended application. Seastar, a leading manufacturer, incorporates cutting-edge technologies and high-quality components to ensure outstanding performance and reliability.

Unparalleled Cranking Power

Seastar’s dual-purpose lithium batteries leverage the advantages of advanced lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry. This innovative technology enables the battery to deliver unparalleled cranking power, ensuring swift and efficient engine starts. Unlike traditional lead-acid batteries that may suffer from longer charging times, Seastar’s lithium batteries feature rapid charge acceptance, allowing for quick replenishment of energy. This characteristic makes them ideal for applications where reliable starting performance is essential.

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Extended Cycling Endurance

In addition to their impressive cranking capabilities, Seastar’s dual-purpose lithium batteries offer remarkable cycling endurance. Through the use of specially formulated materials and advanced construction techniques, these batteries excel in withstanding deep discharges without compromising their overall performance. Unlike conventional lead-acid batteries that can experience performance degradation when frequently discharged and recharged, Seastar’s lithium batteries maintain their durability and longevity over extended cycles. This enhanced cycling capability makes them well-suited for applications that require consistent and reliable power delivery.

Reliability and Durability

Seastar’s commitment to quality is evident in the design and construction of its dual-purpose lithium batteries. These batteries feature robust and resilient components, including sturdy housing made from high-quality materials. Advanced engineering techniques, such as compressed cell packing and over-the-partition cell connections, effectively mitigate vibration and ensure long-lasting performance, even in demanding environments. Seastar’s dual-purpose lithium batteries are built to withstand the rigors of various applications, providing exceptional reliability and durability.

Conclusion

In summary, an exceptional dual-purpose lithium battery, such as the ones offered by Seastar, combines advanced lithium iron phosphate technology, remarkable cranking power, extended cycling endurance, and robust construction. These batteries are meticulously engineered to meet the specific requirements of diverse applications, delivering reliable starting performance and long-lasting power. Whether used in marine vessels, off-road vehicles, or other demanding scenarios, Seastar’s dual-purpose lithium batteries set a new standard for excellence in the industry.

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Seastar Battery: Unveiling the True Power of Deep-Cycle Batteries

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Seastar Battery, a lithium battery manufacturing company based in Shenzhen, China, is known for producing high-quality deep-cycle batteries. In this article, we will delve into the key aspects of true deep-cycle batteries, including their uses, differences from car batteries, discharge levels, and the exceptional features of Seastar batteries. This information is aimed at international buyers and importers seeking reliable battery solutions.

Table of Contents

Defining True Deep-Cycle Batteries:

A true deep-cycle battery is designed to endure constant discharge until it reaches the manufacturer’s recommended maximum depth of discharge. It can then be recharged and subjected to the discharge-recharge cycle repeatedly. Unlike car batteries, deep-cycle batteries are built to withstand such demanding applications, ensuring longevity and performance.

Wide Range of Applications:

Deep-cycle batteries play a crucial role in various industries and recreational activities. From powering golf carts and RVs to supporting heavy-duty equipment like forklifts and UPS systems, deep-cycle batteries are integral to keeping the world functioning smoothly. Their versatile applications make them indispensable in today’s multi-billion-dollar battery industry.

Composition and Plate Design:

Differentiating deep-cycle batteries from automotive batteries lies in the composition of their individual plates. Automotive batteries use sponge lead, a material with a high surface area optimized for quick energy flow during engine cranking. However, sponge lead is prone to rapid sulfation and lacks durability.

In contrast, most deep-cycle batteries feature flat plates or cylindrical tubes with sufficient active material thickness. These plates undergo a critical curing process to ensure they neither become brittle nor mushy. Seastar Battery takes pride in its 10-day curing period for plates, surpassing the industry standard of 1-3 days. This meticulous approach enhances the longevity and resilience of the batteries.

Secure Interconnections:

Deep-cycle batteries consist of multiple 2-volt cells interconnected to achieve the desired nominal voltage (e.g., 12 volts). While conventional methods involve punching holes through plastic separators and bolting the cells, Seastar Battery employs an innovative technique called over-the-partition (OTP) interconnection. OTP welds link the cells without stressing them against the plastic partition, allowing for upward movement and minimizing the risk of dropped cells.

Importance of Battery Cases:

The battery case is a critical component that significantly impacts overall battery performance. Older battery cases made of rubber prompted the recommendation of not placing batteries directly on concrete, but modern cases have evolved. Automotive and some deep-cycle batteries often employ polypropylene (PPO) cases, which are not puncture resistant and vulnerable to heat-related failures. PPO cases can also experience moisture loss when valves open frequently.

Seastar Battery addresses these issues by utilizing ABS plastic cases. The epoxy seal between the lid and ABS case ensures robust security, preventing lid removal without tools. ABS cases are highly resistant to drops and punctures, offering exceptional durability. Moreover, higher psi settings on the valves reduce moisture loss, enhancing the battery’s lifespan.

Dispelling Discharge Myths:

There is a common misconception that deep-cycle batteries should not be discharged beyond 50% of their rated capacity. While it is advisable to follow manufacturers’ recommendations, reputable brands often allow discharge levels of at least 80% without compromising battery life. Seastar Battery goes even further by subjecting every battery in its DC Series to rigorous life cycle testing, guaranteeing their ability to withstand a 100% depth of discharge (DoD) without performance degradation.

Additional Features:


Seastar Battery’s commitment to excellence is evident in various aspects of its deep-cycle batteries. These include a remarkable 10-year design life, highly conductive brass terminals for improved efficiency and heat reduction, superior cycle life ratings, and the use of 99.994% pure lead for longer life and faster charging.

In conclusion, the true power of a deep-cycle battery lies in meticulous attention to design details, adherence to rigorous manufacturing standards, and the incorporation of high-quality components. Seastar Battery exemplifies these qualities, delivering exceptional deep-cycle batteries that cater to the needs of international buyers and importers.

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